本篇文章为你整理了SpringMVC学习笔记(springmvc基础知识)的详细内容,包含有springmvc入门实例 springmvc基础知识 springmvc快速入门 springmvc实例教程 SpringMVC学习笔记,希望能帮助你了解 SpringMVC学习笔记。
project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
modelVersion 4.0.0 /modelVersion
groupId priv.dandelion /groupId
artifactId 08_ssm /artifactId
version 1.0-SNAPSHOT /version
packaging war /packaging
dependencies
dependency
groupId org.springframework /groupId
artifactId spring-webmvc /artifactId
version 5.2.10.RELEASE /version
/dependency
dependency
groupId org.springframework /groupId
artifactId spring-jdbc /artifactId
version 5.2.10.RELEASE /version
/dependency
dependency
groupId org.springframework /groupId
artifactId spring-test /artifactId
version 5.2.10.RELEASE /version
/dependency
dependency
groupId org.mybatis /groupId
artifactId mybatis /artifactId
version 3.5.6 /version
/dependency
dependency
groupId org.mybatis /groupId
artifactId mybatis-spring /artifactId
version 1.3.0 /version
/dependency
dependency
groupId mysql /groupId
artifactId mysql-connector-java /artifactId
version 5.1.47 /version
/dependency
dependency
groupId com.alibaba /groupId
artifactId druid /artifactId
version 1.1.16 /version
/dependency
dependency
groupId junit /groupId
artifactId junit /artifactId
version 4.12 /version
scope test /scope
/dependency
dependency
groupId javax.servlet /groupId
artifactId javax.servlet-api /artifactId
version 3.1.0 /version
scope provided /scope
/dependency
dependency
groupId com.fasterxml.jackson.core /groupId
artifactId jackson-databind /artifactId
version 2.9.0 /version
/dependency
/dependencies
build
plugins
plugin
groupId org.apache.tomcat.maven /groupId
artifactId tomcat7-maven-plugin /artifactId
version 2.1 /version
configuration
port 80 /port
path / /path
/configuration
/plugin
/plugins
/build
/project
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties")
@Import({JdbcConfig.class,MybatisConfig.class})
// 开启事务
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class SpringConfig {
DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName(driver);
dataSource.setUrl(url);
dataSource.setUsername(username);
dataSource.setPassword(password);
return dataSource;
// 事务控制管理器,数据源使用自动装配(由Spring管理)
@Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(DataSource dataSource){
DataSourceTransactionManager ds = new DataSourceTransactionManager();
ds.setDataSource(dataSource);
return ds;
public SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactory(DataSource dataSource){
SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
factoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
factoryBean.setTypeAliasesPackage("priv.dandelion.entity");
return factoryBean;
@Bean
public MapperScannerConfigurer mapperScannerConfigurer(){
MapperScannerConfigurer msc = new MapperScannerConfigurer();
msc.setBasePackage("priv.dandelion.dao");
return msc;
web 项目入口配置类
public class ServletConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
//加载Spring配置类
protected Class ? [] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{SpringConfig.class};
//加载SpringMVC配置类
protected Class ? [] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class};
//设置SpringMVC请求地址拦截规则
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
//设置post请求中文乱码过滤器
@Override
protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
filter.setEncoding("utf-8");
return new Filter[]{filter};
insert into `tbl_book`(`id`,`type`,`name`,`description`) values (1,计算机理论,Spring实战 第五版,Spring入门经典教程,深入理解Spring原理技术内幕),(2,计算机理论,Spring 5核心原理与30个类手写实践,十年沉淀之作,手写Spring精华思想),(3,计算机理论,Spring 5设计模式,深入Spring源码刨析Spring源码中蕴含的10大设计模式),(4,计算机理论,Spring MVC+Mybatis开发从入门到项目实战,全方位解析面向Web应用的轻量级框架,带你成为Spring MVC开发高手),(5,计算机理论,轻量级Java Web企业应用实战,源码级刨析Spring框架,适合已掌握Java基础的读者),(6,计算机理论,Java核心技术 卷Ⅰ 基础知识(原书第11版),Core Java第11版,Jolt大奖获奖作品,针对Java SE9、10、11全面更新),(7,计算机理论,深入理解Java虚拟机,5个纬度全面刨析JVM,大厂面试知识点全覆盖),(8,计算机理论,Java编程思想(第4版),Java学习必读经典,殿堂级著作!赢得了全球程序员的广泛赞誉),(9,计算机理论,零基础学Java(全彩版),零基础自学编程的入门图书,由浅入深,详解Java语言的编程思想和核心技术),(10,市场营销,直播就这么做:主播高效沟通实战指南,李子柒、李佳奇、薇娅成长为网红的秘密都在书中),(11,市场营销,直播销讲实战一本通,和秋叶一起学系列网络营销书籍),(12,市场营销,直播带货:淘宝、天猫直播从新手到高手,一本教你如何玩转直播的书,10堂课轻松实现带货月入3W+);
// @Insert("insert into tbl_book values(null,#{type},#{name},#{description})")
@Insert("insert into tbl_book (type,name,description) values(#{type},#{name},#{description})")
public void save(Book book);
@Update("update tbl_book set type = #{type}, name = #{name}, description = #{description} where id = #{id}")
public void update(Book book);
@Delete("delete from tbl_book where id = #{id}")
public void delete(Integer id);
@Select("select * from tbl_book where id = #{id}")
public Book getById(Integer id);
@Select("select * from tbl_book")
public List Book getAll();
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import priv.dandelion.dao.BookDao;
import priv.dandelion.entity.Book;
import priv.dandelion.service.BookService;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
@Autowired
private BookDao bookDao;
@Override
public boolean save(Book book) {
bookDao.save(book);
return true;
@Override
public boolean update(Book book) {
bookDao.update(book);
return true;
@Override
public boolean delete(Integer id) {
bookDao.delete(id);
return true;
@Override
public Book getById(Integer id) {
return bookDao.getById(id);
@Override
public List Book getAll() {
return bookDao.getAll();
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfig.class)
public class BookServiceTest {
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfig.class)
public class BookServiceTest {
@Autowired
private BookService bookService;
@Test
public void testGetById() {
Book byId = bookService.getById(1);
System.out.println(byId);
@Test
public void testGetAll() {
List Book all = bookService.getAll();
System.out.println(all);
多个相同的返回类型可能是不同操作,便于区分不同操作;另外,可以对code进行规定,如末位为0代表失败,为1代表成功
public static final Integer SAVE_OK = 20011;
public static final Integer DELETE_OK = 20021;
public static final Integer UPDATE_OK = 20031;
public static final Integer GET_OK = 20041;
public static final Integer SAVE_ERR = 20010;
public static final Integer DELETE_ERR = 20020;
public static final Integer UPDATE_ERR = 20030;
public static final Integer GET_ERR = 20040;
boolean flag = bookService.save(book);
return new Result(flag ? Code.SAVE_OK : Code.SAVE_ERR, flag);
@PutMapping
public Result update(@RequestBody Book book) {
boolean flag = bookService.update(book);
return new Result(flag ? Code.UPDATE_OK : Code.UPDATE_ERR, flag);
@DeleteMapping("/{id}")
public Result delete(@PathVariable Integer id) {
boolean flag = bookService.delete(id);
return new Result(flag ? Code.DELETE_OK : Code.DELETE_ERR, flag);
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public Result getById(@PathVariable Integer id) {
Book book = bookService.getById(id);
Integer code = book != null ? Code.GET_OK : Code.GET_ERR;
String msg = book != null ? "" : "查询的数据不存在,请重试";
return new Result(code, book, msg);
@GetMapping
public Result getAll() {
List Book all = bookService.getAll();
Integer code = all != null ? Code.GET_OK : Code.GET_ERR;
String msg = all != null ? "" : "数据查询失败,请重试";
return new Result(code, all, msg);
框架内部抛出的异常:因使用不合规导致
数据层抛出的异常:因外部服务器故障导致(例如:服务器访问超时)
业务层抛出的异常:因业务逻辑书写错误导致(例如:遍历业务书写操作,导致索引异常等)
表现层抛出的异常:因数据收集、校验等规则导致(例如:不匹配的数据类型间导致异常)
工具类抛出的异常:因工具类书写不严谨不够健壮导致(例如:必要释放的连接长期未释放等)
各级均可能出现异常,为保证统一处理,需要向上抛出,直至表现层统一处理
关于MVC模式与三层架构的关系可以参考:三层架构
在表现层中创建统一异常处理类 ProjectExceptionAdvice
不一定非要写在表现层对应的 controller 包下,但是一定要保证 SpringMVC 控制类的包扫描配置能扫描到异常处理器类
3.2.2 使用步骤
设置指定异常的处理方案,功能等同于控制器方法,
出现异常后终止原始控制器执行,并转入当前方法执行
因为异常的种类有很多,如果每一个异常都对应一个@ExceptionHandler,那得写多少个方法来处理各自的异常,所以在处理异常之前,需要对异常进行一个分类
规范的用户行为产生的异常:如用户在页面输入内容的时候未按照指定格式进行数据填写,如在年龄框输入字符串
不规范的用户行为操作产生的异常:如故意传递错误数据
// 继承RuntimeException,可以不做处理自动上抛
public class SystemException extends RuntimeException{
private Integer code;
public SystemException(Integer code, String message) {
super(message);
this.code = code;
public SystemException(Integer code, String message, Throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
this.code = code;
public Integer getCode() {
return code;
public void setCode(Integer code) {
this.code = code;
业务异常(BusinessException)
public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException{
private Integer code;
public BusinessException(Integer code, String message) {
super(message);
this.code = code;
public BusinessException(Integer code, String message, Throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
this.code = code;
public Integer getCode() {
return code;
public void setCode(Integer code) {
this.code = code;
}catch (ArithmeticException ae){
throw new SystemException(Code.SYSTEM_TIMEOUT_ERR, "服务器访问超时");
public static final Integer SYSTEM_ERR = 50001;
public static final Integer SYSTEM_TIMEOUT_ERR = 50002;
public static final Integer SYSTEM_UNKNOWN_ERR = 59999;
public static final Integer BUSINESS_ERR = 60001;
@ExceptionHandler(SystemException.class)
public Result doException(SystemException ex) {
// 记录日志
// 发送消息给运维
// 邮件发送ex的对象给开发
// 返回消息内容
return new Result(ex.getCode(), null, ex.getMessage());
// 拦截异常
@ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class)
public Result doException(BusinessException ex) {
// 记录日志
// 发送邮件给开发
// 返回消息内容
return new Result(ex.getCode(), null, ex.getMessage());
// 仍然保留,用于处理其他异常
@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
// 修改返回值类型,向前端返回异常信息
public Result doException(Exception ex) {
// 记录日志
// 发送消息给运维
// 邮件发送ex的对象给开发
// 返回消息内容
return new Result(Code.SYSTEM_UNKNOWN_ERR, null, "系统繁忙请稍后再试");
meta content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no" name="viewport"
!-- 引入样式 --
link rel="stylesheet" href="../plugins/elementui/index.css"
link rel="stylesheet" href="../plugins/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css"
link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/style.css"
/head
body
div id="app"
div
h1 图书管理 /h1
/div
div
div
div
el-input placeholder="图书名称" v-model="pagination.queryString" /el-input
el-button @click="getAll()" 查询 /el-button
el-button type="primary" @click="handleCreate()" 新建 /el-button
/div
el-table size="small" current-row-key="id" :data="dataList" stripe highlight-current-row
el-table-column type="index" align="center" label="序号" /el-table-column
el-table-column prop="type" label="图书类别" align="center" /el-table-column
el-table-column prop="name" label="图书名称" align="center" /el-table-column
el-table-column prop="description" label="描述" align="center" /el-table-column
el-table-column label="操作" align="center"
template slot-scope="scope"
el-button type="primary" size="mini" @click="handleUpdate(scope.row)" 编辑 /el-button
el-button type="danger" size="mini" @click="handleDelete(scope.row)" 删除 /el-button
/template
/el-table-column
/el-table
!-- 新增标签弹层 --
div
el-dialog title="新增图书" :visible.sync="dialogFormVisible"
el-form ref="dataAddForm" :model="formData" :rules="rules" label-position="right" label-width="100px"
el-row
el-col :span="12"
el-form-item label="图书类别" prop="type"
el-input v-model="formData.type"/
/el-form-item
/el-col
el-col :span="12"
el-form-item label="图书名称" prop="name"
el-input v-model="formData.name"/
/el-form-item
/el-col
/el-row
el-form ref="dataEditForm" :model="formData" :rules="rules" label-position="right" label-width="100px"
el-row
el-col :span="12"
el-form-item label="图书类别" prop="type"
el-input v-model="formData.type"/
/el-form-item
/el-col
el-col :span="12"
el-form-item label="图书名称" prop="name"
el-input v-model="formData.name"/
/el-form-item
/el-col
/el-row
el-row
el-col :span="24"
el-form-item label="描述"
el-input v-model="formData.description" type="textarea" /el-input
/el-form-item
/el-col
/el-row
/el-form
div slot="footer"
el-button @click="dialogFormVisible4Edit = false" 取消 /el-button
el-button type="primary" @click="handleEdit()" 确定 /el-button
/div
/el-dialog
/div
/div
/div
/div
/body
!-- 引入组件库 --
script src="../js/vue.js" /script
script src="../plugins/elementui/index.js" /script
script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery.min.js" /script
script src="../js/axios-0.18.0.js" /script
script
var vue = new Vue({
el: #app,
data:{
pagination: {},
dataList: [],//当前页要展示的列表数据
formData: {},//表单数据
dialogFormVisible: false,//控制表单是否可见
dialogFormVisible4Edit:false,//编辑表单是否可见
rules: {//校验规则
type: [{ required: true, message: 图书类别为必填项, trigger: blur }],
name: [{ required: true, message: 图书名称为必填项, trigger: blur }]
//钩子函数,VUE对象初始化完成后自动执行
created() {
this.getAll();
methods: {
//列表
getAll() {
//弹出添加窗口
handleCreate() {
//重置表单
resetForm() {
//添加
handleAdd () {
//弹出编辑窗口
handleUpdate(row) {
//编辑
handleEdit() {
// 删除
handleDelete(row) {
/script
/html
protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
registry.addResourceHandler("/pages/**").addResourceLocations("/pages/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**").addResourceLocations("/css/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**").addResourceLocations("/js/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/plugins/**").addResourceLocations("/plugins/");
axios.get("/books").then((res)= {
// 注意第二个data是实体类中封装的属性data,二者意义不同
this.dataList = res.data.data;
Dao
@Insert("insert into tbl_book values(null,#{type},#{name},#{description})")
// @Insert("insert into tbl_book (type,name,description) values(#{type},#{name},#{description})")
public int save(Book book);
@Update("update tbl_book set type = #{type}, name = #{name}, description = #{description} where id = #{id}")
public int update(Book book);
@Delete("delete from tbl_book where id = #{id}")
public int delete(Integer id);
拦截器概念:拦截器(Interceptor)是一种动态拦截方法调用的机制,在SpringMVC中动态拦截控制器方法的执行
归属不同:Filter属于Servlet技术,Interceptor属于SpringMVC技术
拦截内容不同:Filter对所有访问进行增强,Interceptor仅针对SpringMVC的访问进行增强(取决于 web 服务器配置类中 SpringMVC 的访问内容设置)
需要 SpringMVC 配置类和已经配置好的Controller,笔者使用上面的 SSM 整合案例的代码进行演示
5.2.2 拦截器开发
拦截器一般写在 controller 包下,一般只给 controller 用
拦截器也可以写在其他位置,但是要保证 SpringMVC 配置类的包扫描可以扫描到
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("preHandle");
return true;
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("postHandle");
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("afterCompletion");
此处写在了 SpringMvcSupport 中,注意配置类注解
要保证 SpringMVC 配置类的包扫描可以扫描到
protected void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
// 使用到的两个参数均为可变参数,可以直接写多个,addResourceHandlers()中相同,不再赘述
// registry.addInterceptor(projectInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/books", "/books/*");
// 也可以采用这种形式,拦截/books,/books/*,/books/*/*...
registry.addInterceptor(projectInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/books/**");
@Override
protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
registry.addResourceHandler("/pages/**").addResourceLocations("/pages/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**").addResourceLocations("/css/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**").addResourceLocations("/js/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/plugins/**").addResourceLocations("/plugins/");
preHandle() 返回 true 时,按照上面的执行顺序执行
preHandle() 返回 true 时,中止原始操作的执行,原始操作后的拦截器操作也不执行
假设拦截内容为/book,当使用 Rest 风格时,GET /books 与 POST /book/1 不同,/book/1不会被拦截
假设拦截内容为/book*,当使用 Rest 风格时,PUT /books/1 与 POST /book/1 都会被拦截
可以直接在 SpringMvcConfig 中继承 WebMvcConfigurer 接口,覆写相应方法,效果相同
相比 SpringMvcSupport 具有一定侵入性
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(projectInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/books/**");
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
registry.addResourceHandler("/pages/**").addResourceLocations("/pages/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**").addResourceLocations("/css/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**").addResourceLocations("/js/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/plugins/**").addResourceLocations("/plugins/");
5.3 拦截器参数
拦截器代码见 5.2.2
5.3.1 前置处理方法
request:请求对象,获取请求数据中的内容,如获取请求头的Content-Type
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
String contentType = request.getHeader("Content-Type");
System.out.println("preHandle..."+contentType);
return true;
handler:被调用的处理器对象,本质上是一个方法对象,对反射中的Method对象进行了再包装。可以获取方法的相关信息
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
HandlerMethod hm = (HandlerMethod)handler;
String methodName = hm.getMethod().getName();//可以获取方法的名称
System.out.println("preHandle..."+methodName);
return true;
ModelAndView modelAndView:如果处理器执行完成具有返回结果,可以读取到对应数据与页面信息,并进行调整,目前开发返回 JSON 数据较多,其使用率不高
5.3.3 完成处理方法
Exception ex:如果处理器执行过程中出现异常对象,可以针对异常情况进行单独处理,如表现层抛出的异常。现在已经有全局异常处理器类,所以该参数的使用率也不高。
5.4 拦截器链运行顺序
拦截器链的运行顺序参照拦截器添加顺序为准
当拦截器中出现对原始处理器的拦截,后面的拦截器均终止运行
当拦截器运行中断,仅运行配置在前面的拦截器的 afterCompletion 操作
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