python爬虫requests爬取图片,用requests爬取图片
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00-1010最近想做一个实用的小游戏给家里的小朋友玩,但是在选材上很纠结。然后在一个巨人佬的博客里找到了灵感,于是借用了粉丝的头像,尝试抓取网页里的图片!(谢谢大家!)
完成总目标:
爬一个粉丝头像为素材,完成一个连续观看的小游戏。
因此,本文分为两部分:
1.爬物质部分;
2.用下面的材料完成连连看游戏部分(链接)
(一)爬粉丝头像达到目的:
爬虫可以将粉丝的头像按顺序抓取存储,作为游戏设计的素材。部分抓取的头像是CSDN的默认头像,存在重复,需要去除重复才能得到完整的不重复的图像集。
一、准备
1.python环境
2.所涉及的python库需要pip安装包名称才能安装。
二、代码编写
1.爬取内容
(1)所需的库
导入requestsimport json(2)以获取请求地址
URL= https://blog . csdn . net//phoenix/web/v1/fans/list?page=1 page size=40 blog username=weixin _ 45386875 #关注我的部分请求地址# URL= https://blog . csdn . net//phoenix/web/v1/Follow/list?page=1 page size=40 blog username=weixin _ 45386875 #我关注的一些请求地址在请求地址获取方法:.
右键点击要抓取的页面,点击review元素,找到图中的文件注:页面,选择“TA Fan (13)”部分出现。如果点击网络,需要刷新页面,页面内容就会出现。)
(3)用请求头发送请求,做一些简单的伪装。
header={
用户代理“:”Mozilla/5.0(Windows NT 10.0;WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML,像壁虎一样)Chrome/78 . 0 . 3904 . 108 Safari/537.36 ,
cookie : uuid _ TT _ DD=10 _ 30826311340-1612520858912-361156;hm _ CT _ 6 BCD 52 f 51e 9 B3 DCE 32 bec 4a 3997715 AC=6525 * 1 * 10 _ 30826311340-1612520858912-361156!5744*1*weixin_45386875!1788 * 1 * PC _ VCUN=weixin _ 45386875p _ uid=U010000ssx mod _ itna=Qui=dki 3 hkbg=DXDnD r 8h 9 ed 53 ecxppit 5 BP 1 odloayxa 5d 8d 6 dqegtbcw 1 aougatqfykmewih 5/gbo 4 fpjqgcxl
bbYx0aDbqGkqnU40rDzuQGuD0KGRDD4GEDCHHDIxGUBuDeKDR8qDg7gQcCM=DbSdDKqDHR+4FbG4oD8PdS0p=C7Gt3AuQ3DmtSije3r424rQ+iPqWzPDA3DK6jiD==; ssxmod_itna2=Qui=DKiI3hkbG=DXDnD+r8h9eD53ecxPPit5bP1D66Ii40vah303pFcXW0D6QALW==0tWLGtzKPUA76xoU10vpqD6AoOqs1R=Db=3olozYp0wVxUS0r/GeZCqzVezFQc8dZon7efYcr=1nhNr6nWKcTqqaDQYcwYSA+hNaqem=WWuDuDQ/+1PGEsN=atvS7WDp07vFuFDherg0AP0KFw0ea6kcTtK2rh/fy=/De0n1FNk+ONYxCXr=QrdTj6gxCuNNWXvp1IDdl2Ckjc=N/cqV6SmHZIZIuOEqml=dHMroMFDvdMVr8afnyQ+sbGPCbt3xdD07tAdRD7uDQ0gT=Bh7OYblbtYQFDDLxD2tGDD===; UserName=weixin_45386875; UserInfo=9863b829527c49a3ba1622396deaa7d9; UserToken=9863b829527c49a3ba1622396deaa7d9; UserNick=ryc875327878; AU=01F; BT=1612846374580; Hm_up_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=%7B%22uid_%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%22weixin_45386875%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%2C%22islogin%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%221%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%2C%22isonline%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%221%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%2C%22isvip%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%220%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%7D; __gads=ID=94978f740e79c9e5-22c918ed05c600ea:T=1613266189:RT=1613266189:S=ALNI_Mbwb8ad5kdYjogF7yImerVAzKaJuQ; dc_session_id=10_1613272889543.735028; announcement-new=%7B%22isLogin%22%3Atrue%2C%22announcementUrl%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fblog.csdn.net%2Fblogdevteam%2Farticle%2Fdetails%2F112280974%3Futm_source%3Dgonggao_0107%22%2C%22announcementCount%22%3A0%2C%22announcementExpire%22%3A3600000%7D; dc_sid=3784575ebe1e9d08a29b0e3fc3621328; c_first_ref=default; c_first_page=https%3A//www.csdn.net/; c_segment=4; Hm_lvt_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=1613222907,1613266055,1613268241,1613273899; TY_SESSION_ID=82f0aa61-9b28-49b2-a854-b18414426735; c_pref=; c_ref=https%3A//www.csdn.net/; c_page_id=default; dc_tos=qoi2fq; log_Id_pv=925; Hm_lpvt_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=1613274327; log_Id_view=905; log_Id_click=658'
}获取请求头的方法:
(4)向网页发送请求
try:2.保存所需图片并去重data = requests.get(url,headers = header).text
data_dist = json.loads(data)
except:
print('爬取失败')
exit ()
定义一些函数备用
#保存文件def save_imag(file_name,img_url):request.urlretrieve(url=img_url,filename='D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar\\'+file_name)
#删除一个文件夹下的所有所有文件def del_file(path):ls = os.listdir(path)
for i in ls:
c_path = os.path.join(path, i)
if os.path.isdir(c_path):#如果是文件夹那么递归调用一下
del_file(c_path)
else: #如果是一个文件那么直接删除
os.remove(c_path)
print ('文件已经清空完成')
#图像去重def compare_images(pic1,pic2):image1 = Image.open(pic1)
image2 = Image.open(pic2)
histogram1 = image1.histogram()
histogram2 = image2.histogram()
differ = math.sqrt(reduce(operator.add, list(map(lambda a,b: (a-b)**2,histogram1, histogram2)))/len(histogram1))
print('differ:',differ)
if differ == 0:
return 'same'
else:
return 'diff'
#删除指定位置的图像def del_avatar(path):if os.path.exists(path): # 如果文件存在
os.remove(path)
else:
print('no such file:%s'%(path)) # 则返回文件不存在
#先清空一下文件夹3、调用del_file('D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar')
index = 0
# i 是爬取列表的索引号; index 是保存的图片的索引号
for i in range(0,len(fan_list)):
fan_username = fan_list[i]['nickname']
#print('fans_user%s:'%(i+1),fan_username)
fan_avatar_url = fan_list[i]['userAvatar']
#print('fans_avatar_url%s:'%(i+1),fan_avatar_url)
save_imag('fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1),fan_avatar_url)
#print('----------------save_image--fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1))
#图片去重
for j in range(0,index):
if index != j :
comp_res = compare_images('./fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1),'./fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(j+1))
print('--------compare_images:--------'+'./fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1) + '------with---' + './fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(j+1))
print('comp_res:',comp_res)
if comp_res == 'same':
del_avatar('D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar\\fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1))
print('D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar\\fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1))
index = index - 1
break
index = index + 1
if __name__ == "__main__": spider_fanavatar()三、完整代码
# 爬取网页图片import requestsfrom urllib import requestimport jsonfrom PIL import Imageimport osimport mathimport operatorfrom functools import reduce#保存文件def save_imag(file_name,img_url):最后request.urlretrieve(url=img_url,filename='D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar\\'+file_name)#爬取粉丝的头像def spider_fanavatar():
url = 'https://blog.csdn.net//phoenix/web/v1/fans/list?page=1&pageSize=40&blogUsername=weixin_45386875' #关注我的部分请求地址
#url = 'https://blog.csdn.net//phoenix/web/v1/follow/list?page=1&pageSize=40&blogUsername=weixin_45386875' #我关注的部分请求地址
header = {
'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36',
'Cookie' : 'uuid_tt_dd=10_30826311340-1612520858912-361156; Hm_ct_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=6525*1*10_30826311340-1612520858912-361156!5744*1*weixin_45386875!1788*1*PC_VC; UN=weixin_45386875; p_uid=U010000; ssxmod_itna=Qui=DKiI3hkbG=DXDnD+r8h9eD53ecxPPit5bP1ODlOaYxA5D8D6DQeGTbcW1AoWGATqFYKmEWiH5/gbO4FpjQGcxLbbYx0aDbqGkqnU40rDzuQGuD0KGRDD4GEDCHHDIxGUBuDeKDR8qDg7gQcCM=DbSdDKqDHR+4FbG4oD8PdS0p=C7Gt3AuQ3DmtSije3r424rQ+iPqWzPDA3DK6jiD==; ssxmod_itna2=Qui=DKiI3hkbG=DXDnD+r8h9eD53ecxPPit5bP1D66Ii40vah303pFcXW0D6QALW==0tWLGtzKPUA76xoU10vpqD6AoOqs1R=Db=3olozYp0wVxUS0r/GeZCqzVezFQc8dZon7efYcr=1nhNr6nWKcTqqaDQYcwYSA+hNaqem=WWuDuDQ/+1PGEsN=atvS7WDp07vFuFDherg0AP0KFw0ea6kcTtK2rh/fy=/De0n1FNk+ONYxCXr=QrdTj6gxCuNNWXvp1IDdl2Ckjc=N/cqV6SmHZIZIuOEqml=dHMroMFDvdMVr8afnyQ+sbGPCbt3xdD07tAdRD7uDQ0gT=Bh7OYblbtYQFDDLxD2tGDD===; UserName=weixin_45386875; UserInfo=9863b829527c49a3ba1622396deaa7d9; UserToken=9863b829527c49a3ba1622396deaa7d9; UserNick=ryc875327878; AU=01F; BT=1612846374580; Hm_up_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=%7B%22uid_%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%22weixin_45386875%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%2C%22islogin%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%221%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%2C%22isonline%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%221%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%2C%22isvip%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%220%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%7D; __gads=ID=94978f740e79c9e5-22c918ed05c600ea:T=1613266189:RT=1613266189:S=ALNI_Mbwb8ad5kdYjogF7yImerVAzKaJuQ; dc_session_id=10_1613272889543.735028; announcement-new=%7B%22isLogin%22%3Atrue%2C%22announcementUrl%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fblog.csdn.net%2Fblogdevteam%2Farticle%2Fdetails%2F112280974%3Futm_source%3Dgonggao_0107%22%2C%22announcementCount%22%3A0%2C%22announcementExpire%22%3A3600000%7D; dc_sid=3784575ebe1e9d08a29b0e3fc3621328; c_first_ref=default; c_first_page=https%3A//www.csdn.net/; c_segment=4; Hm_lvt_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=1613222907,1613266055,1613268241,1613273899; TY_SESSION_ID=82f0aa61-9b28-49b2-a854-b18414426735; c_pref=; c_ref=https%3A//www.csdn.net/; c_page_id=default; dc_tos=qoi2fq; log_Id_pv=925; Hm_lpvt_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=1613274327; log_Id_view=905; log_Id_click=658'
}
try:
data = requests.get(url,headers = header).text #得到返回的字符串
data_dist = json.loads(data) #将字符串转为字典格式
except:
print('爬取失败')
exit ()
fan_list = data_dist['data']['list'] #提取所需内容
#先清空一下文件夹
del_file('D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar')
index = 0
# i 是爬取列表的索引号; index 是保存的图片的索引号
for i in range(0,len(fan_list)):
fan_username = fan_list[i]['nickname']
#print('fans_user%s:'%(i+1),fan_username)
fan_avatar_url = fan_list[i]['userAvatar']
#print('fans_avatar_url%s:'%(i+1),fan_avatar_url)
save_imag('fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1),fan_avatar_url)
#print('----------------save_image--fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1))
#图片去重
for j in range(0,index):
if index != j :
comp_res = compare_images('./fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1),'./fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(j+1))
print('--------compare_images:--------'+'./fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1) + '------with---' + './fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(j+1))
print('comp_res:',comp_res)
if comp_res == 'same':
del_avatar('D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar\\fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1))
print('D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar\\fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1))
index = index - 1
break
index = index + 1
#图像去重def compare_images(pic1,pic2):
image1 = Image.open(pic1)
image2 = Image.open(pic2)
histogram1 = image1.histogram()
histogram2 = image2.histogram()
differ = math.sqrt(reduce(operator.add, list(map(lambda a,b: (a-b)**2,histogram1, histogram2)))/len(histogram1))
print('differ:',differ)
if differ == 0:
return 'same'
else:
return 'diff'
#删除指定位置的图像def del_avatar(path):
if os.path.exists(path): # 如果文件存在
os.remove(path)
else:
print('no such file:%s'%(path)) # 则返回文件不存在#删除一个文件夹下的所有所有文件def del_file(path):
ls = os.listdir(path)
for i in ls:
c_path = os.path.join(path, i)
if os.path.isdir(c_path):#如果是文件夹那么递归调用一下
del_file(c_path)
else: #如果是一个文件那么直接删除
os.remove(c_path)
print ('文件已经清空完成')if __name__ == "__main__":
spider_fanavatar()
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