python如何画饼图,python怎么画饼状图函数
这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了大蟒绘制饼图的方法,文中示例代码介绍的非常详细,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下,希望能够给你带来帮助
用法
matplotlib.pyplot.pie(x,explode=None,labels=None,colors=None,autopct=None,pctdistance=0.6,shadow=False,labeldistance=1.1,startangle=0,radius=1,counterclock=True,wedgeprops=None,textprops=None,center=(0,0),frame=False,rotatelabels=False,*,normalize=True,data=None)
参数介绍
参数x楔形尺寸explode类似数组,默认值: 无,如果不是无,则是一个len(x)数组,用于指定偏移每个楔块的半径labels标签列表:默认值:无,为每个楔块提供标签的一系列字符串colorshttp://www。新浪。com/http://www。新浪。com/http://www。新浪。com/http://www。新浪。com/http://www。新浪。com/http://www。新浪。com/http://www。新浪。com/http://www。新浪。com/http://
<=1,False将生成部分饼图,并为sum(x)>1引发ValueError。
案例
x
import numpy as npimport maplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
plt.pie(x)
plt.show()
explode
import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams[font.family] = SimHei
plt.rcParams[axes.unicode_minus]=False
x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
plt.subplot(121)
plt.title(正常)
plt.pie(x)
plt.subplot(122)
plt.title(添加explode)
plt.pie(x,explode=[0.1,0.2,0.1,0.2])
plt.show()
labels,labeldistance
import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams[font.family] = SimHei
plt.rcParams[axes.unicode_minus]=False
x = [15, 30, 45, 10]
plt.subplot(131)
plt.title(正常)
plt.pie(x)
plt.subplot(132)
plt.title(添加labels)
plt.pie(x,labels=[x1,y1,x2,y2])
# labeldistance默认为是1.1
plt.subplot(133)
plt.title(添加labels和labeldistance)
plt.pie(x,labels=[x1,y1,x2,y2],labeldistance=1.2)
plt.show()
colors
import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams[font.family] = SimHei
plt.rcParams[axes.unicode_minus]=False
x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
plt.subplot(121)
plt.title(正常)
plt.pie(x)
# 颜色参数必须保持和x长度一样
plt.subplot(122)
colors = plt.get_cmap(Blues)(np.linspace(0.2,0.7,len(x)))
print(colors)
plt.title(添加colors)
plt.pie(x,colors=colors)
plt.show()
autopct
import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams[font.family] = SimHei
plt.rcParams[axes.unicode_minus]=False
x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
plt.subplot(131)
plt.title(正常)
plt.pie(x)
plt.subplot(132)
plt.title(添加autopct为1.1f)
plt.pie(x,autopct=%1.1f%%)
plt.subplot(133)
plt.title(添加autopct为10.1f)
plt.pie(x,autopct=%10.1f%%)
plt.show()
pctdistance
import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.figsize=((10,8))
plt.rcParams[font.family] = SimHei
plt.rcParams[axes.unicode_minus]=False
x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
plt.subplot(131)
plt.title(正常)
plt.pie(x)
plt.subplot(132)
plt.title(添加pctdistance默认值0.6)
plt.pie(x,autopct=%1.1f%%,pctdistance=0.6)
plt.subplot(133)
plt.title(添加pctdistance值1.5)
plt.pie(x,autopct=%1.1f%%,pctdistance=0.8)
plt.show()
pctdistance和autopct设置都可以偏移百分比,一个是同方向偏移,一个是距中心点位置
shadow
import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams[font.family] = SimHei
plt.rcParams[axes.unicode_minus]=False
x = [15, 30, 45, 10]
plt.subplot(121)
plt.title(正常)
plt.pie(x)
plt.subplot(122)
plt.title(添加shadow)
plt.pie(x,explode=(0,0,0.1,0),shadow=True)
plt.show()
startangle
import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams[font.family] = SimHei
plt.rcParams[axes.unicode_minus]=False
x = [15, 30, 45, 10]
plt.subplot(121)
plt.title(正常)
plt.pie(x,autopct=%1.1f%%)
# 起始角度设置
plt.subplot(122)
plt.title(设置startangle=90)
plt.pie(x,autopct=%1.1f%%,startangle=90)
plt.show()
radius
import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams[font.family] = SimHei
plt.rcParams[axes.unicode_minus]=False
x = [15, 30, 45, 10]
plt.subplot(121)
plt.title(正常)
plt.pie(x,autopct=%1.1f%%)
plt.subplot(122)
plt.title(设置radius=0.9)
plt.pie(x,autopct=%1.1f%%,radius=0.9)
plt.show()
counterclock
counterclock=False,设置饼图方向为逆方向
import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams[font.family] = SimHei
plt.rcParams[axes.unicode_minus]=False
x = [15, 30, 45, 10]
plt.subplot(121)
plt.title(正常)
plt.pie(x,autopct=%1.1f%%)
plt.subplot(122)
plt.title(设置counterclock=False)
plt.pie(x,autopct=%1.1f%%,counterclock=False)
plt.show()
wedgeprops
设置楔形的属性
wedgeprops传入字典类型,width设置,可以转变为环形图,edgecolor设置其环形边缘颜色
import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams[font.family] = SimHei
plt.rcParams[axes.unicode_minus]=False
x = [15, 30, 45, 10]
plt.subplot(121)
plt.title(正常)
plt.pie(x,autopct=%1.1f%%)
plt.subplot(122)
plt.title(设置wedgeprops楔形的属性)
plt.pie(x,autopct=%1.1f%%,wedgeprops=dict(width=0.3, edgecolor=blue))
plt.show()
textprops,center,frame
import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams[font.family] = SimHei
plt.rcParams[axes.unicode_minus]=False
x = [15, 30, 45, 10]
plt.subplot(131)
plt.title(正常)
plt.pie(x,autopct=%1.1f%%)
plt.subplot(132)
plt.title(设置textprops,center=1.1,frame)
plt.pie(x,autopct=%1.1f%%,textprops={size: larger},center=(1,1),frame=True)
plt.subplot(133)
plt.title(设置textprops,center=2.2,frame)
plt.pie(x,autopct=%1.1f%%,textprops={size: x-large},center=(2,2),frame=True)
plt.show()
rotatelabels,normalize
这里不多介绍,可根据上述自己检验,很少被用到
举例
1.取饼图一部分楔形,添加colorbar
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom matplotlib.patches import ConnectionPatch
import numpy as np
fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(9, 5))
fig.subplots_adjust(wspace=0)
ratios = [.27, .56, .17]
labels = [Approve, Disapprove, Undecided]
explode = [0.1, 0, 0]
angle = -180 * ratios[0]
ax1.pie(ratios, autopct=%1.1f%%, startangle=angle,
labels=labels, explode=explode)
xpos = 0
bottom = 0
ratios = [.33, .54, .07, .06]
width = .2
colors = [[.1, .3, .5], [.1, .3, .3], [.1, .3, .7], [.1, .3, .9]]
for j in range(len(ratios)):
height = ratios[j]
ax2.bar(xpos, height, width, bottom=bottom, color=colors[j])
ypos = bottom + ax2.patches[j].get_height() / 2
bottom += height
ax2.text(xpos, ypos, "%d%%" % (ax2.patches[j].get_height() * 100),
ha=center)
ax2.set_title(Age of approvers)
ax2.legend((50-65, Over 65, 35-49, Under 35))
ax2.axis(off)
ax2.set_xlim(- 2.5 * width, 2.5 * width)
theta1, theta2 = ax1.patches[0].theta1, ax1.patches[0].theta2
center, r = ax1.patches[0].center, ax1.patches[0].r
bar_height = sum([item.get_height() for item in ax2.patches])
# draw top connecting line
x = r * np.cos(np.pi / 180 * theta2) + center[0]
y = r * np.sin(np.pi / 180 * theta2) + center[1]
con = ConnectionPatch(xyA=(-width / 2, bar_height), coordsA=ax2.transData,
xyB=(x, y), coordsB=ax1.transData)
con.set_color([0, 0, 0])
con.set_linewidth(4)
ax2.add_artist(con)
# draw bottom connecting line
x = r * np.cos(np.pi / 180 * theta1) + center[0]
y = r * np.sin(np.pi / 180 * theta1) + center[1]
con = ConnectionPatch(xyA=(-width / 2, 0), coordsA=ax2.transData,
xyB=(x, y), coordsB=ax1.transData)
con.set_color([0, 0, 0])
ax2.add_artist(con)
con.set_linewidth(4)
plt.show()
2.环形图
import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
size = 0.3
vals = np.array([[60., 32.], [37., 40.], [29., 10.]])
cmap = plt.cm.Set1
outer_colors = cmap(np.arange(3)*4)
inner_colors = cmap([1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10])
ax.pie(vals.sum(axis=1), radius=1, colors=outer_colors,
wedgeprops=dict(width=size, edgecolor=w))
ax.pie(vals.flatten(), radius=1-size, colors=inner_colors,
wedgeprops=dict(width=size, edgecolor=w))
ax.set(aspect="equal", title=Pie plot with `ax.pie`)
plt.show()
总结
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